Machine for finishing armor plate piercing shells



0a. 22, 1935. v, FLAG LLO 2,018,123

MACHINE FOR FINISHING ARMOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS Filed July 24, 1933 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fay: 2

Y. Fqa llo Nve'v-raR Oct. 22, 1935. v. FLAGIELLO 2,018,123

I MACHINE FDR FINISHING ARMOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS Filed July 24, 1933 11 Sheets-Sheet a a 7 n a h F a hllv I Q .n n w 8 H 1 H i 5 A "I r L 2 H v n w 8 HO 1 H 7 Q LIV H ml II I! n H v Oct. 22, 1935. v. FLAGIELLO 2,018,123

I MACHINE FOR FINISHING ARMOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS Filed July 24, 1933 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 1935- I v. FLAGIELLO ,01

MACHINE FOR FINISHINGARI JOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS V. Fig.3 0

E f MM; May

V. FLAGIELLO Oct. 22, 1935.

MACHINE FOR FINISHING ARMOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS 1i Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 24, 1933 Oct. 22, 1935. v. FLAGIELLO 2,018,123

MACHINE FOR FINISHING ARMOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS v Filed July'24; "19:55 11 Sheets-Sheet '7 Oct. 22, 1935. v. FLAGI ELLO MACHINE FOR FINISHING ARMOR'PLATE PIERGING SHELLS I Filed July 24, 19 33 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 V. FLAGIELLO CHINE FOR FINISHING ARIOR PLATE PIEHCING SHELLS (Ella 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 24, 1953 V Fla 7 ZINVGNTGR 0.1.22, 193s. 3 v. FLAGIELLO 2,018,123

IACHINE FINISHING ARIOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS Filed July 24, 1933 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 44 w 77 I a 0 I WEI InmHHI/ILE.

Y. F'lqgl ella Oct. 22, 1935. v. FLAGIELLO I 2,018,123

MACHINE FOR FINISHING ARBOR PLATE PIERCING SHELLS Filed July 24, 1933 Y 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 L l A Patented Oct. 22, 1935 UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE PIERCING SHELLS Vincenzo Flag'lello, Terni, Italy Application July 24, 1933, Serial No. 682,029 In Italy December 14, 1932 20 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in machines for finishing armor plate piercing shells.

The object'of the invention is'the provision oi. a machine of this character provided with rotary grinding devices respectively adapted to the finishing of the fore ring and the ogival head of the shell with extreme precision. A further object of the invention is the provision of means for automatically effecting operation of the grinding devices and permitting adjustment thereof.

A'furth'er object is the provision of a tool adjustably mounted on the same carriage which supports the two grinding devices and which is designed for finishing the cylindrical or conical body of the shell.

A further object is the provision of a machine of this character provided with devices for ensuring accuracy and precision in the adjustment of the parts and in the work performed thereby.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of the ogival head of a shell showing the shape thereof and the'application of the cap thereto. I

Figures 2 and 2 taken together present a side elevation of the machine.

Figures 3 and 3 taken together present a top plan view of the machine.

Figure 4 is an enlarged detail section through a work piece positioned on the rotating mandrel or work holder.

Figure 5 is a detail section of the coupling between parts of the work holder.

Figure 6 is an enlarged detail section taken vertically through the main carriage in the plane of the vertical shaft controlling the reversing of the drive gear forthe main carriage.

Figure '7 is a top plan view of the arrangement shown in Fig. 6.

Figure 8 is a detail section taken at right angles to Fig. 6 of the lower portion of the revers ing shaft and therelated parts.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary side elevation of shell in the position in the machine showing parts I of the devices associated therewith for securing Figure 14 is an end view 01' the member 89.

Figure 15 is a view similar to Fig. 9 illustrating further details of the invention.

Figure 16 is a top plan view of Fig. 15.

Figure 17 is an enlarged transverse sectional 5 viewthrough the main carriage and illustrating the grinding device for the fore ring, the adjusting means therefor and related parts.

Figure 18 is a detail section taken transversely through the carriage and showing parts of the diameter determining means.

Figure 19 is an enlarged elevation of a part of the arrangement shown in Fig. 18

Figure 20 is a front view or the projectile rest.

Figure 21 is a plan view 01' the projectile rest.

Figure 22 is an enlarged transverse sectionalview through the main carriage illustrating further details of the invention.

Figures 23 and 23 are front and side views, re-. spectively, of indicating devices associated with the invention.

Figure 24 is a further view of the device shown in Figures 23 and 23. I

Figure 25 is a fragmentary plan view of'the machine showing further adjustment thereof. 25

.Referring to the drawings in detail i indicates the housing of the main driving motor (not shown) by which rotary motion is imparted to the .work holder 4- mounted in the head stock 3 and to other parts of the machine as will hereinafter appear. The main carriage is indicated at 5 and is movable longitudinally along the table 14 in the direction of the arrows 6. I des ignates a supplemental carriage mounted for pivotal movement about the axis 0. A tool holder 8 is adjustably mounted on the main carriage 5 and 9 and I0 designate levers, for controlling the speed of the machine, the numeral I l designating windows for observing the condition of operation of the lubricating system. Control wheels I2 and I3 are provided for starting and stopping the operation of theholder 4.

l5 designates a drive shaft driven from the motor of the casing l and extending through and operating the internal mechanism of the carriage 5 as will be hereinafter more fully described.

The numeral 16 designates a group of elements mounted on a second carriage 58 at the end of the table l4 opposite the housing I and includes a central body 89 and an upper body 11, the latter 5 being rotatableabout the axis L, M. I! is a shaft associated with the friction drive between the main motor and the machine, the control of the shaft I! being effected by a chain 20 coupled with the hand wheel l3. The longitudinal reciproca-u ciprocation of the carriage 5 and the lever 22 is I adapted for controlling the oscillating movement of the carriage 1 about the axis 0. The device designated generally at 23 is for eflecting the oscillatory movement of the carriage 'I and also the reciprocation of the main carriage 5. The

lever 24 is for permitting manual adjustment of the device 23 for changing the direction of movement of either of the carriages 5 or I.-

Adjustable stops 25 are fixed to an arcuate support 25 and coact with the devices 23 for limiting and reversing the movement of the pivoted carriage I. I I

A grinding" device designated generally at 21 is adjustably mounted on the pivoted carriage I and is designed for finishing the ogival heads of the shells, the grinding device being adjustable along guides 29 and controlled by a hand wheel 29. The operation of the grinding device is effected by an electric motor which is controlled by a switch 30 and the supply of water for grinding purposes is controlled by a valve 9|.

A second grinding device for finishing the shell fore ring is designated at 39 and is mounted ,on a support 38 secured to a carriage 92 which latter is movable on guides 99 and 34 on the main carriage 5 and adjustable by means of hand wheels 35 and 35 one at the rear and the other at the front of the machine, said hand wheels acting on a feed screw 31. The grinding device 59 is also operative by an electric'motor under the control of a switch 40 and is'provided with a water valve 4|. 42 designates a graduated scale for indicating the position of the carriage 32 and a device for measuring the diameter of the fore ring is designated generally at 43. I

Cutting tools and 41 are mounted in the holder 8 which latter is adjustable in a-direction perpendicular to the axis of the work holder 4 by means of a crank 44 and screw 45, the tools 45 and 41 being adapted for turning the cylindrical body of the shell. Movement of the tools 45 and 41 in the direction parallelto the axis of the work holder is effected by displacing the holder 5 along the guides 49 by means of a crank and screw 49. A gauge 50 is mounted on a supporting arm 5| and movable to the dotted line position designated at 52 in Fig. 2.

. A rack 53 extends along the length of the table l4 and supports stops which are'adiustable by means of tightening screws 55, the stops 55 coacting with the reversing gear to be hereinafter more fully described. A control rod 51 is mounted for longitudinal displacement in the carriage 5 and during motion of the latter back and forth on the table I4 it is alternately moved in opposite directions upon engagement with the stops 55.- The carriage 8 supporting the group of elements l5 may be adjusted manually by a hand wheel 59 or may be driven by an electric motor 50 along the table I4, the motor being controlled by a switch 5| and a speed reducing gear 52 being provided. Slight displacements of the carriage 58 are effected by a hand controlled wheels 53 and 54 designate the casing for the chain transmission. n

A slide bar 55 is mounted in the central body -l4 and 15 are provided in the region adjacent the like by bellows-like covers 85.

59 of the group of elements l5 and is adjusted by means of a-screw 55 actuated by a hand wheel '58 and coacting with a nut 51. The operation of the screw 55 may be effectedautomatically by means of a motor 15 coupled with the screw 5 through a friction drive 59, the operation of the motor being controlled by a switch ll. 12 is a fixed pivot and I3 is a magnetized disk removably fitted in the end of the body 99. Electric lamps end of the body 99, and I5 is a stop for the pivoted arm 11 constituting the uppermost of the group of elements IS, the arm being rotatable through 160 about an axis L, M. I

The arm 11 supports at each end a shell supporting blade 19 each pivotally. connected at 19 with a shank 8| and adjustable relatively thereto by an adjusting screw 95. Longitudinal movement of each shank 9| is effected by a. rack and pinion arrangement actuated by a shaft 52 and 20 the movement of the shank is limited by stops 83.

The portion of the table l4 intermediate the carriages 5 and 55 .as well as the supporting and actuating devices associated with the grinding device 39 and the tool holder or carriage 8 are 25 protected from the accumulationof dust or the As shown in Fig. 3* the arm 11 is turned to a position convenient for grinding purposes and the empty blade at the top of the figure is adapt- 90 ed to receive the shell supported on the holder 4 when the operation thereof is completed while the blade atthe lower end of the arm contains a shell 85 adapted to be next applied to the work holder 4.

Figure 1, as stated is a diagrammatic view of the cap and shell head designated at 81 and 90, respectively, the axis of the shell and cap being designated at X1, X1.

The quantities for the determination ogival head are the following:'

D-Diameter of the shell fore ring.

-Radius of the curve Pd, the generator of the ogival surface.

0Center of the generator R Pd around 45 which the grinding element of the grinding device 21 oscillates. a

f --Abscissa of the trace 0.

b"-Ordinate of the trace 0.

-Height of the ogival surface. 50

,The angle comprised between the tangents PQ and PS extending from the point of the ogival head and touching the surface of the latter.

It will be understood that for the mechanical manufacture of the ogival shape in a precise manner it is necessary to be able to correct all of the above elements during operation; The

present machine makes it possible to perform and test the work at the same time. Accord- 6 ingly the finished work presents a high degree of precision.

When the shell 95 reaches the machine to be finished, the. machining of the internal cavity thereof has already been effected, together with 65 the threading of the base portion 9|. The shell holder 4 includes a mandrel-like member 92 having a cavity snugly fitting the tapered member 95 of the headistock and held in positionby check nuts 94. by means of bolts 96 between the flange 91 of the head stock and cayity 95 of the holder member 92 and the purpose thereof is to effect vibration of the work during operation.

A central hole of the holder member 92 is 16 of the40 Dowel-like members 95 are inserted d concentric with a threaded recess I and is adapted to receive a screw 93. -The screw is provided with a flange IOI bearing on the inside of the cap nut I02 screwed on the holder member when the latter is to be taken out of the machine.

' The holder member is provided at its terminal with a centering ring I03 engageable with the interior of the shell 90 and with a second ring I04 and a third ring I05, and the ring I04 engages the interior of the base of the shell and the ring I05 forms a guide for the lock nut I06,

the front part of which is conically shaped Sim-- ilarly to the rear end of the shell body. The-nut I06 is threaded on the holder member 92 and the purpose thereof is to center the base of the shell and to prevent unscrewing of the latter when it is subjected to the action of any one of the grinding or working devices which would tend to unscrew the work. The threads herein referred to as will be understood, as those designated at I01 which are formed on the member 92 and are fitted in the interior of the shell.

It will also be understood that the two operations necessary in securing the shell in position are. first, advancing it on the screw thread I01 and thereafter clamping it in position by the adjustment of the lock nut I06, the threads of the lock ndt being pitched oppositely from the threads I01.

The mechanism which is constituted in part by the above noted device designated at I23 for automatically controlling the reciprocating movebearing I !4 in a support I I5and is provided with gear teeth II3 meshing with a rack formed on the rear of the movable yoke I08. The other end of the shaft I I2 is keyed at II6 to a cross bar I I1 and secured thereto by a lock washer and a nut I I8 and H9. A tubular shaft I20 is loosely mounted on the shaft H2 and is provided with gear teeth I 2! in mesh with rack teeth on the control rod 51 whereby the movement of the latter relative to the carriage 5 incident to engagement of the rod 51 with either of the stops 55, produces a limited rotary movement of the tubular shaft I 20. The lower end of the shaft I20 rests on a thrust washer I22 and the other end is k yed at 623 to a plate I24 to which latter the above mentioned control lever 24 is secured.

plate I24 is provided with arcuate slots I25 receiving the upstanding pins I21 movable in the arcuote slots I25 to a limited extent which is determined by two relatively adjustable screws I26 fitted in the end walls of each slot. A pivot pin I28 is fixed to the plate I24 and supports A pressure member I32 is provided. with a roller I33 mounted on a pin I34 fixed in place by a loci: member I35 and held against rotary movement by a key=-l31 in a guide cylinder working in a groove I36. The pressure member I32 is normally urged toward the plate I24 by a spring I38 the tension of which may be varied by a nut I39 held in position by a lock nut I40.

Rotary movement of the shaft I5 is transmitted to the sleeve I09 actuated by the fork I08 and depending on direction of movement of the 5 sleeve in the direction of the arrow I or the arrow I42 a driving movement is imparted to the carriage 5 or the carriage 1 in one direction or the other by a suitable driving gear.

. In the case of the reciprocating movement of the main carriage 5 as when finishing the fore. ring of the shell by means of the grinding device 39, when the carriage arrives at one of the ends of its movements, the rod 51 is displaced and a. turning impulse is transmitted to the shaft I20 and through the plate I24 and pins I21, when the latter abut the ends of the screws I26, to the cross bar II1. It will be understood that the screws I26 are so adjusted as to afford a limited range of movement between the plate I24'and the bar H1. The movement of the bar II! is imparted to the shaft H2 and the gear teeth II3 thereof effect the displacement of the yoke I08 and also the controlling sleeve I39.

The plate I24 is provided with a point or cam I 44 which, when the plate 124 is in the medial position shown in Fig. '7 displaces the member I32 and compresses the spring l38. However, when the prominent point of the cam moves beyond the roller I 33, the tension of the spring I33 exerts on the inclined side face of the cam causes a rigid snap-like action of the plate I24 to its alternate position, the movement being accommodated by the clearance space between the screws I26 and the pns I21 and the tension of the spring also acts to maintain the parts in position after an actuation thereof.

In the case cf the use of the grinding device 21 for finishing the ogival head, the .driving gear is so arranged as to impart oscillatory movement 49 to the carriage "I about the axis 0, the movement of the latter being periodically reversed as the roller 29 is alternately engaged by the two stops According to this operation, when one of the stops 26 is brought into engagement with the pin 28 and displaces the plate i24, movement of the latter is transmitted to the shaft I I2 through the pins I21 and bar II1 thereby effecting displacement of the controlling yoke I08 through the gear teeth II3 and the rack teeth of said 'yoke. 50 By the alternate movements thus imparted to the plate I24 the carriage 1 is turned first in one direction and then in the other by the power supplied through the shaft I5 and at each operation the spring pressed roller I 33 operates in the man- 5 nor above described.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the machine adjusted for effecting the finishing of the ogival head of the shell and when the operations on this shell are completed the same is removed from the ma- (a) chine, supported on the blades 8 and the arm 11 is turned so as to present a next shell in positlon for working. Preliminary to the removal of the finished shell, the grinding device 2? is caused to rotate until its axis Mil-I56 is substantially parallel to the axis of the shell and said device is withdrawn from operative position by a suitable adjustment effected by the hand wheel 29. After the shell is released by partially loosening the ring I06, the arm 11 is turned so as to lie parallel to 74: the axisof the shell and the carriage 53 is advanced by the motor drive 6!! set in o eration by the switch 6I. When the shell is completely loosened and supported in the blade 18, the carriage 58-is returned to its initial position, the arm 75 11' is turned through 180 and the carriage 53 again advanced topresent the shell 55 in the position for attachment to the holder ,4. Ordinarily the workholder 4 provides an adeafter the unfinished shell is applied to the work holder, the grinding device 21 is adzusted by means of the hand wheel 29 so as to cause the grinding element thereof to remove the roughness and also to properly center the apex of the head. Thereafter the grinding device 21 is turned about the axis 0 until the axis 9-455 is approximately parallel to the axis of the shell and then the support I5I is applied and held in position on the body 39in the bar 55, the advance of the bar 55 being effected by suitable manipulation of the driving motor, and gear 19 and 55.

A dressing tool for truing or dressing the face of the grinding element of the device 39 is fixed to the bar 55 and engageable in a recess 53 when said bar is returned to its normal position. By manipulating the lever 2i, 9. rapid movement of the carriage 5 may be effected until the grinding element ofthe device 39 is presented to the dressing tool I52 and the arrangement is such that the distance between the point of the tool I52 and the axis of the work is equal to D/2, D being the diameter of the fore ring.

The left end of central piece 39 is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 and as shown in detail in Figures 9-10 and 14, it is formed with two projections I5l and I55 provided with holes for bolts I55 and I51, the heads of said bolts being lodged in undercut grooves provided in tempered dowels I53 and I59.

These dowels may slide along their seats and when once firmly clamped thereto have their plain outside surfaces disposed in the plane a a. In the same plane is also to be found the outside surface 13 of disc 13 seated in the recess I55. The .disc 13 is provided with three holes I5I, I52, I53 (Fig. 14) for the easy removal from and application in the seat I55, and it is strongly magnetized so that as soon as it comes near the recess it takes the exact position required. Thus, the

outside surfaces of the three parts I53, I59 and 13 he directly in the plane a: a normal to axis X1X1 of the shell, said plane being adapted to come incontact with the shell point P. Casings I54 and I55 are arranged about the lamps 15, 14 for projecting light on the outside surfaces of the dowels I53 and I59. As'to the manner of determining the quantities.a" and "'71" this will be described hereinafter.

Considering now Figures 15 and 16 illustrating the shell ready for work and provided with the necessary allowance for machining, represented in Fig. 16 as comprised between I55, I51, P and I55, I59, I15 it is to be noted that the allowance is variable for 'each shell while the length of the shell cannot be constant though contained within the limits allowed. Mechanisms are then necessary to effect in the least time and greatest exactness the following:-

.First, the determination of diameter D and of the ogival directrix acting circumference that is v 'exact finishing of the shell fore ring to the diam- 7 "z... This being done, owing to the presence of the eter D.

allowance inqntioned, the plane containing the circumferenceogival directrix has been displaced in "I, I12 at a distance In from the plane a a normal to the shells axis and passing through the the exact determination of this difference, the

ing in function of any value assumed for the di- .ameter D and container within the limits allowed by the drawings in order that the angle a of the sharp pointed cone and the ogival radius R remain absolutely constant.

The above three functions are performed by the following devices:

First.Motion is transmitted to the grinding device 39 by the two handwheels 35 and 35, of which the wheel 35 is connected with the screw 31 by. a speed reducing gear I15 whereas the 20 wheel 35 is directly connected with the screw. A nut I13 coacts with the screw 31 to move the carriage 32. The handwheel 35 is furthermore graduated along the outside surface so that by means of the tilting index I11, displacements, for instance of 1/100 mm. of the grinding device support towards the shell and consequently of 2/100 mm. on the value of the shells diameter may be effected, the consumption of the grindstone during work not being considered.

The scale 42 includes a rod I13, rigidly connected to the carriage 32 and provided on the left hand end with a millimeter scale and Vernier, the latter by means of a magnifying glass allowing the easy reading with an approximation of 35 5/100 mm.

the pivot ii and of being rigidly fixed to support I19. To arm 189 is hinged the above mentioned gauge 23 provided with a l/ 100 mm. indicator I82. The dotted lines I33 indicate the position assumed by the indicator in the period when it is not in It is evident that for all the shells following the first one, the operation'of grinding to the exact diameter D is particularly. easy. In fact, after grinding the first shell to the diameter D by usual measuring means, the Vernier of scale 42 is brought to zero; the graduated scale of handwheel 35 and the indicator I82 are also brought to zero at the same time. As to the subsequent shell, the operator may safely proceed in the work of removing metal till the Vernier of scale 42 has returned to the zero; and owing to the greater reading approximation more metal will be removed till the handwheel 35 is subsequently brought to zero against the index I11. At this moment the diameter D of the shell is still larger than that desired, the slight difference being clue to the consumptionof the material of the grindstone during the previous operation. For

gauge 43 is used, which when tilted over on the i shell according to the position shown in Figure 17 allows by the l mm. indicator I82 the measurementof the metal 'excess still existing on the with until the indicator hand is brought to zero.

,shell. The removal of said excessis proceeded 7 1 head the rest Figs. 18 to 21 is applied in the cavity of pivot I84 for the carriage 1 the rest comprising a central stand I85 bearing-two blocks of box wood or fiber I86-I81 said blocks being shaped according to the cylindrical surface with diameter D. The bottom truncated conical end of the central stand by means of a suitable key or the like is held in a definite position with respect to the shell axis. Consequently the cylindrical surfaces of blocks I86, I81 will have their axes parallel to those of the cylindrical surface of diameter D whenever the rest stand I85 is lodged in the seat I84.

The upper block I86 is supported by the fork I88 and serves for the elimination of the oscillation of the shell according to the horizontal plane azaz. Said fork as shown in Fig. 19 may slide in the cavity provided inthe upper part of stand I85 according to arrows I89I98 the fork being moved by two discs I8I, I,92 fixed to a screw I93 working in the threaded hole I84 provided in said stand. By rotating the milled head I95 the block I 86 is brought to bear against the shell and in this position it is fixed by lock screw and nut I96. The

lower block I81 serving for the elimination of the oscillation of the shell according to the vertical plane ,6252 is supported by a second fork I91 adapted to oscillate on stand I 85 about the axis I 98--I 99 in the direction of arrow 288 -28I. The screw 282 threaded in the angular end 283 of the fork I91 by acting against the stand I85 causes the fork to rotate about the axis I98--I99 so that the block I81 is brought to bear against the cylindrical surface of diameter D. The check nut 284 and retaining screw 285 serve to rigidly fix,

' as required, the position of block I81.

Second.In Fig. 22 is illustrated the action of the circular carriage 1 rotating about the axis 0102 controlled by feed screw 286. The carriage and cradle 281 may be caused to slide according to arrows 288288 on guides of the main carriage 5 by the carriage 32 and for this purpose said carriage and cradle may be connected by a coupling indicated at 2| 8. The cradle 281 is provided with a graduated scale with vernier and magnifying glass allowing the estimation of the coordinate b with an approximation of 5/100 mm. Owing, however, to the great exactness to be possessed by the coordinate b it is possible at the beginning of the work of a series of shells to obtain, as follows, a second and safe checking. The pivot I84 around which the circular carriage 1 oscillates is fixed to the cradle 281. In the cavity of the pivot the column 2 II may be exactly lodged, the upper end of said column having the diameter d already known. As soon as the grinding of a shell 98 for obtaining a value D" is finished, a block 2 I2 is manufactured whose thickness is Then the block is arranged as shown in the figure, thus the distance between the rotation axis 0101 of the carriage 1 and the axis of the shell in course of work is exactly 5. This value b will remain constant during the whole work of a certain type of shell, consequently the cradle 281 will be secured on the main carriage 5 and coupling 2I8 may be removed.

In the truncated conical cavity of pivot I84 the caliper2I3 with shank 2 I4 may be arranged, the caliper being exactly shaped like said cavity of pivot I84.

The caliper 2 I3 is provided with a rod 2 I 5 whose ends are exactly at the distance a from the axis 010: (Fig. 15). Consequently after introducing thecaliper-2 I3 in theseat ,of the pivot mentioned,

as shown in Fig. 3 by operating the commutator .6I (Fig. 2) thegroup I8 is allowed to advance against the shell's point. When the magnetized disc 13 of Fig. 3 is at a little distance from the shell point then by turning handwheel 63 a-slower approaching movement of group I6 towards the shell point may be produced until the magnetized disc comes in contact with said point of the shell.

main carriage 5 and the two grinding devices 21 and 39 are displaced until the right end of the caliper 2I3 touches the plate I59. Figures 15 and. 16 illustrate the whole when the operations have been effected.

a, a, is the plane normal to the shells axis passing through the shell point P. This plane is the-starting point for fixing in each shell the coordinate a this being the only element allowing to bring the ogival head to the best finishing degree with the least removal of metal, in' fact:

The lines I61P and I68, I1I show the metal allowance after the finishing of the fore ring, that is until the diameter D has been obtained. After regulating the position of the stops 26 for the pivoted carriage stroke end, said carriage holding the grinding device 39 adapted to the work of the ogival head, it is noted that the small plane I68, 2I6 contains the shell's point P, corresponding to the ogival head already finished. When subsequent metal removals take place the outside surface of the grindstone will only describe arcs 2I1, 2I8, 2I8, 228 always concentric with O. In such manner an instant comes (which may be easily determined) on which the circle contained in the plane I68,,2I8 will have such a small diameter as to be reduced to a point P constituting the point of the ogival head finished. At said instant the arc of circle with centre 0" passing through the point P referred to axes OX and 011 is exactly the ogival arc of radius Then by acting on the hand crank I8, Fig. 3, the

R wanted, the coordinates of a point P ((i I confirmed by experience as very useful. This second method allows:

Third.Poesibility of measuring and amending the ogival height h during the period of ogival finishing in function of the diameter D. and of any other value whatever assumed within the all owance limits so that the angle a of the sharp pointed cone and ogival radius R, remain absolutely constant. Y In Figures 2 and 3 the supporting arm of the apparatus designed for this purpose is shown by reference number 5I, while the details are illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10.

The apparatus comprises a central rod 22I ierminating on the right in a ground fiat surface 222 and having a knurled nut 223 coupled to a part 224 which is square in section. The rod left end 225 of the rod containedvin the sleeve 226 may slide according to arrows 221 and 228 when the threaded rings 229 and 238 are acted on. On the cylindrical central section 23I of the rod is fitted with slight friction the sleeve 232 on which The position of sleeve 232 may be fixed on rod 22I by tightening the nut239 the functioning of which is obvious. The" back crown 233 is provided with a ring 240 provided with a correction scale hereinafter more fully described, the reading of the scale taking place by means of the index 241.

Since it is possible to exactly finish the fore ring, the said apparatus'is utilized as a second testing means for the exactness obtained in'the ogival finishing.

Supposing that in Fig. 10 the shell is shown with the fore ring already finished with thediameter D required, the ogival head; owing to the presence'of the metal allowance has the trace on the plane containing its circumference directrix in "I, I12 at the distance it: from the plane a, normal to the shells; axis and passing through the shell point. graduallyirom the circular trajectory 2l1, 2i8, to the H9, 220 the traces of the planes containing the further circumferences directrixes will reach respectively the position 242, 243 and 244, 245 at the distances h: and hf: from the plane After taking care of fixing the surface A A of disc 235 at the exact distance h from end 222 of rod 221 this end. being on its'tu1 n contained in plane a, a, already defined, a moment comes in which owing to the continuous action of the grinding device the trace of the plane containing the subsequent directrixes coincides with the plane 7', 7'. At this moment of the coincidence of said planes 1',- 5i., and AA the ogival head of the shell, owing to evident geometrical consideration,

possesses all the desired characteristic ogival measures.

Adjustment of the apparatus for the ogival height h is effected as illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24. The supporting disc 245 is provided with a rod 241 theend 248* of which is at the exact distance h from the base plane. The quadrant l/ 103 mm. indicator 249 is mounted and fixed by the screw 250 on a support 25! adapted to be perfectly guided on rod 241. By acting on knob 254 the hand 255 is brought to .zero. Then the rod 241 is removed and the apparatus is mounted on rod 22| (Fig. 24) of the device above described on which the check nut 23! has been previously released. By acting the knurled surface 236 the whole sleeve 232 is rotated in one direction or the other and will be displaced accordingly until the hand of the quadrant indicator 240 is brought back to zero. The graduated ring 240 will be also rotated till its zero mark coincides with index 24L Then the nut 22! is'tightened, the desired object having been obtained.

Owing to known geometrical considerations there exists in each' shell in the case of a parity of the value D, that is of the diameter of the fore ring, being supposed,.a certain relation between the diminution of the value of R and the corresponding displacement of traced. 7', of the plane containing thebase of the ogival head towards the base of the shell. In a certain type of naval shell for instance owing to an error of less than 1/10 mm. in the'value of R", h tr 1. 1. i displaced towards the base of the shell 11.5 times the same value, more precisely of 1.15 mm. Now since the quasi contact of edge 1, 1, 01' the shell with edge AA of disc 22! may be valued by naked eye with an approximation even less than of 1/10 As the grinding device passes tain approximately 1/100 mm. 5

Owing to different causes some shells may happento result with a diameter D1 of the finished fore ring smaller than D. In this case, in order to obtain the constancy 01' R" and of the value a of the sharp pointed cone, so that the concave 10 ogival surfaces of the caps and the convex ogival ones of the shells heads may exactly fit to'one another, it is necessary to stop the operation of finishing the heads when a value ha is obtained smaller than the one h of the distance 15 of the base plane of the ogival head from the shell point. The operation is as follows: on a system of cartesian coordinates are taken as abscisses the diflerent values of diameter D" contained within the minimum and maximum 20 limit allowed. Then the curve of the values of displacements in'millimeters towards the shells point from the base plane of the head is constructed for the single values in minus or the diameter D. Then it will be easy to read on the 2:; axis of the ordinates the entities of said displacements.

And since every error in minus of 1-2-3 unities committed or wanted in the value of D may be read on the indicator I82 (Fig. 1'7) and once so the new value of the diameter is individuated on the axis of the abscisses in the cartesia system then on the axis of the ordinates, through the curve representing the iunctiomthere will bejalso found the signs 1--2-3 according to the errors of 86 1-2-3-. in minus already verified on the value D". The interval between the signs l-23 on the axis of the ordinates is connected to the interval or the errors of D by known geometrical proprieties. The operator, after readdng on 4,0 the axis of the ordinates the value 1 or 2 or 3 has nothing to do but release the nut 239 (Figures 9 and 10) and turn the sleeve 232 by acting on surface 2341 till the sign 1 or 2 or 3 of ring 240 passes under the index 24 i. In this way the plane 5 AA and therewith the plane 7', 7. will be displaced to 244, 245 the value h" being reduced to that wanted h"a',-the radius of curvature fR and the opening 06' o! the sharp pointed cone remaining constant.

' The device for truing and adjusting the grinding element of the grinding device 21 comprises a tool 251 in the end oi an arm 2 applied to the upper cylindrical end 0! the column 2. The point of the tool 251 is exactly at the disl6 tance 'R" from the axis 010:. By manipulating the handle 24 the amplitude oi the oscillationsof the circular carriage 1 are adjusted while"? by acting on handwheel 2! the grinding element, is advanced against the tool point as far as it is Q sufllcient.

For finishing the shell body the tool holder 8 is used and also the work support when necessary. The tool holder with two tools 44, 41 is mounted on the seat 4| to turn in a horisontal ll. plane in a suitable circular guide provided in an underlying carriage movsble'in theatrans'verse direction by means of crank 44. After hdiusting the turning seat accordingeto the diameter of the connection cone between tore ring and shell body, 10'

the operator acting in crank 44 brings the point of tool 41 nearly in contact with the fore ring at the distance required from the base plane of the ogival head while tool 4| is cutting into the shell'sbody. 'I'henbymeansofcrank4l thetooll" holder 8 is displaced as many millimeters as required according to a metric scale provided'b'e tween the seat 49 and said tool holder 8. After doing that the operator is sure that the two tools will turn the shell to the diameter wanted. By going then to the fore part of the machine the operator will adjust by means of levers I9 of Figure 2 the feed of main carriage 5. The machine will then function as an ordinary lathe and when the tool 46 of Fig. 25 reaches the conical base of the shell the tool 47 has reached the part already machined by the tool 46 towards the half of the cylindrical body. The discs 234, 233 of the apparatus illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 serve to facilitate the verification of the position of the end planes of the conical surface between the cylindrical surface of the fore ring and'of the shell. I

In finishing shells the following operations are performed:

After tilting the arm 5| Figs. 2 and 3 to the position indicated by reference number 52 in Fig. 2 and mounting the shell on the work piece holder in the way above described, levers 2|, 22 are observed to assure they are in' the loose position. By acting on the handwheels 9 and levers I9 the speed of the work piece and of the.

main carriage feed are adjusted and with them the speed of grinding device 39 for finishing of the fore ring. The main motor is then set in operation and by acting on handwheel I2 the movement is transmitted to the spindle in the head stock 3 and consequently to the shell. Then the electric circuit of the grinding device is closed,*the grinding element having been already moved to the point end-of the shell as shown in Fig. 3 and by adjusting the handwheel 29 said element is caused to form a mark on the work. Thereafter the grinder is withdrawn slightly, by acting on the handwheel 29. Then by actuating the lever 22 the grinding device is turned until its rotation axis I49, I50 is nearly parallel to the axis of the shell. This being done the lever 22 is returned to its original position and by actuating the switches II and BI the group' I6 is moved towards the shell point until support I5I is engaged with the ogival point (Fig. 11). After removing the right hand stop 55, lever 2| is actuated in order to transmit to the main carriage 5 a rapid motion to the right until the grinding element of the device 39 is moved to the middle transverse plane of the shell fore ring (Fig. 11). Then the stops 55 (Fig. 2) are set according to the stroke limit desired. By adjusting the levers I9 the desired speed of reciprocation of the grinding device is effected and the latter is automatically moved in both directions.

By means of the graduated handwheel 3B the transverse feed motion is transmitted to grindingv device 39 until the shell fore ring acquires a diameter of the value D according to the method above specified.

Thereafter the device 43 is tilted to the position shown in Figures 2 and 3; the bar 65 of group I6 is completely withdrawn; the magnetized disc I3 is arranged in its seat; the group I6 is moved back towards the shell; and the coordinate a of the axis, around which the grinder 21 is to oscillate (Figures 2 and 3) is fixed. The arm 5| is turned down to the position shown in full lines in Figures 2 and 3 and the value h of the ogival height is fixed as above described with or without alteration according to the value verified on diameter D of the fore ring. By means of the electric motor 60, the group I6 is returned parallel to the axis of the shell.

point and by acting on levers I8 the tool 41 is maticoscillating motion is transmitted to the 5 device 21.

As in the beginning of the finishing operation of the ogival surface the metal allowance is particularly localized towards the base of the ogival head, the operator may, at will, vary the 10 stroke of the device 21 by actuating the lever 24. By adjusting the handwheel 29 a, feed motion will be communicated to the grinding device until it may be verified that the ogival point has become needle shaped and the base plane of the ogival 15 head coincides with the plane determined by the first disc on the right of the apparatus for the measurement of the height h as shown in the Figures 9 andlO.

After somewhat withdrawing the grinding device 21 and tilting the arm 5| of Fig. 2 to the position 52 its axis I49, I50 is arranged nearly If necessary the support I5I may be applied on the ogival head 25 brought in proximity to the shell fore ring.

Then the levers I9 are moved in position to im part to the carriage an ordinary feed movement, lever 2| being always left in the inactive position. After adjusting the levers 44 and 48 the operator proceeds with the operation of turning the conical surface between fore ring and shell body as above described.

The shell having been finished, the nut I08 is loosened. The arm I1 is arranged in the posii tion shown in Fig. 2 and is advanced towards the head stock till the empty blade I8 has embraced the shell. The work piece holder 4 is then set in motion in the proper direction and as the shell bears on the blade it will not rotate and. therefore, the thread I01 is unscrewed from the shell. Thereafter, the group I6 is returned to the right, the arm 11 is rotated of the group I6 is moved again towards the head stock and the unfinished shell 86 applied to the holder 4 for 45 repeating the foregoing operations.

I claim:

1. A machine for grinding and finishing shells comprising'a rotatable work holding mandrel, a movable carriage, a rotatable grinding device 50 adjustably mounted on said carriage for finishing the fore ring of the shell, a, rotatable grinding device for finishing the ogivalhead of the ment about a fixed axis and the first mentioned grinding device is mounted for rectilinear movements. a

3. An arrangement as claimed in claim -1 characterized in that said work holding mandrel includes a projecting member having threads thereon adapted to fit the threaded interior of the shell, a centering ring at the extremity of said projecting member adapted to engage the interior of the shell and center the latter in position, said ring being capable of being turned and trued on the machine.

4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that said work holding mandrel the shell, a centering ring at the extremity of I said projecting member adapted to engage the interior of the shell and center the latter in position, said ring being capable of being turned and trued on the machine, a second ring carried by the. work holder adapted to engage the recess in the base of the shell.

5.An arrangement as claimed in claim- 1 characterized in that said work holding mandrel includes a projecting member having threads thereon adapted to fit the threaded interior of theshell, a centering ring at the extremity of said projecting member adapted to engage the interior of the shell and center the latter in position, said ring being capable of being turned and trued on the machine, a second ring carried by the work holder adapted to engage the recess in the base of the shell, a check nut fitted on the holder and sliding on a third ring, the check nut terminating in a conical cavity corresponding with the taper of the shell base and adaptedto fit and center the latter.

6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that said work holding mandrel includes a projecting member having threads thereon adapted to fit the threaded interior oi the shell, a centering ring at the extremity of said projecting member adapted to engage the interior of the shell and center the latter in position, said ring being capable of being turned and trued on the machine, a second ring carried by the work holder adapted to engage the recess in the base of the shell, 2. check nut fitted on the holder and sliding on a third ring, the check nut terminating in a conical cavity corresponding with the taper of the shell base and adapted to fit and center the latter, the check nut being threaded on the body of the tool holder and the thread thereof having a higher pitch than the internal thread of the shell to prevent unintentional removal of the latter fromthe work holder.

7 An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized in thatlthe second mentioned grinding device is mounted for movement about a fixed axis on the carriage by means 01 a supplemental carriage.

8. A machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized'by the provision of a second carriage adjustable with relation to the first mentioned carriage and including an upper arm mounted for rotary movement and shell holding members at the ends of the arm movable into positions to dispose the shells supported therein in substantial axial alinement with the work holder.

9. A machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the provision of a second carriage adjustable with relation tothe first mentioned carriage and including an upper arm mounted for rotary'movement and shell holding members at the ends of the arm movable into positions to disposethe shells supported therein in substantial axial alinement with the work holder, 9. body member adjustable with the second mentioned carriage and supporting the upper arm, said body member being disposed in axial alinement with rotary movement and shell holding members at the ends of the arm movable into positions to dispose the shells supported therein in substantial axial alinement with the work holder, a body member on the second'mentioned carriage pivotally supporting the arm and disposed in axial alinement with the-work holder, and a gage plate at the other end of the body member adapted to engage the point of the shell. 11. A machine as claimed in claim 1 charac- I teriz'ed by the provision of a second carriage ad- 10 justable with relation to the first mentioned carriage and including an upper arm mounted for rotary movement and shell holding members at the ends 0! the arm movable into positions ,tov dispose the shells supported therein in substantial axial alinement with the work holder, and hand and power operated means for adjusting the second mentioned carriage.

12. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the second mentioned grind- I ing device is mounted for pivotal movement about a fixed point on the carriageyan indicating rod carried by the first mentioned grinding device and a gage coacting with said rod for indicating the position of said grinding device. 13. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the provision of manually operable means for adjusting the first mentioned grinding device, a speed reducing gear, an indicating device associated with said adjusting means. I

14. An arrangement as claimed laim 1 characterized by the provision of a diameter measuring device adiustably mounted directly on the first mentioned grinding device and capable of being applied to the work during the opera- I tion of said grinding device.

,15. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the provision of a rest removably supported in said carriage for assisting in 40 supporting the shell during the finishing operations thereon.

16. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the provision of a pivot-member positioned in the carriage and forming a pivotal mount for the second mentioned grinding device, and a holding device adapted to be. inserted in place of the pivot member to partially support the shell during finishing operations, said holding device including a separately adjustable member engageable with the shell.

1'1. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the second mentioned grinding device is mounted for pivotal movement about ai'lxed axis, an indicating member adapted to be applied to the axis of the second mentioned grinding device and having a part extending parallel to the axis of the shell and terminating in the plane of the point of the shell, and a cooper ating member adjustably mounted and having 00 surfaces adapted to cooperate with the end of said part and with the point of the shell.

18. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the provision 01' means pivotally mounting the second mentioned grinding device for pivotal movement on the carriage, a member adjustable to' the pivotal action of the second mentioned grinding device, a truing device for the grinding element of the second mentioned grinding device carried by said member, 7

said truing device lying in the horizontal plane oi the axis of the shell.

19. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the provision of a support ad- Justablysecuredtoastationarypartoi'thema-T6 chine and movable into proximity to a shell chine and movable into proximity to a shell mounted on said holder, a shaft of predetermined mounted on said holder, a shaft of predetermined length mounted on said support, positioning length mounted on said support, positioning means coacting with the terminal 0! the'shait, means coacting with the terminal of the shaft,

and a plurality of shell engaging members roa plurality of shell engaging members rotatable tatabie on the shaft. on the shait, and means for adjusting the shat 20. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 relatively to the support.

characterized by the provision of a support adiustably secured to a stationary part of the ma- VINCENZO l'LAGIELDO. 

